1QL-70型固定壟起壟機設計與試驗.pdf
針對國內西北一年一熟綠洲農業區固定壟保護性耕作起壟機具缺乏的問題,設計了1QL一70型固定
壟起壟機。分析和確定了起壟犁、壟面成形裝置等關鍵部件的結構參數。采用熟地型起壟犁,具有較強的翻土和
碎土能力;組合式壟面成形裝置通過與圓柱形鎮壓滾筒配合,在起壟時不僅具有較好的壟面成形能力,而且能對壟
床起到很好的鎮壓作用。田間試驗表明:1QL一70型固定壟起壟機的起壟和修壟效果良好,起、修壟作業后壟形尺
寸和壟面平整度能較好地滿足河西走廊地區的農藝要求。
關鍵詞:起壟機固定壟保護性耕作修壟壟形尺寸設計試驗
Abstract
Focusing on the problem of lacking suitable bed former for perm anent raised beds(PRB)in one
crop a year oasis agricultural region of northwest China,1 QL一70 bed form er for PRB was designed,and the parameters of key components were analyzed and confirmed for bed—form ing plough,combined forming-pressing device etc. Through adopting cultivated—type plough, the new bed—former could plough and smash the soil effectively.Combining with cylinder roller,the combined forming—presing device could not only form the bed shape,but also press the beds efectively.Experiment results showed that the bed former was effective in form ing and renovating the beds.Bed dimension and surface evenness after form ing and renovating could meet the requirements of the agronomy in Hexi Corridor.
Key words Bed form er, Perm anent raised beds, Bed renovation, Bed dimension, Design,
Experiment
引言
西北綠洲農業區是我國典型的灌溉農業區,由于農業生產長期采用大水漫灌和傳統翻耕,不僅降低了水利用效率和農業經濟效益,而且造成了土地嚴重退化和生態環境惡化u J。固定壟保護性耕作是相對傳統翻耕平作、漫灌的一種新型農業系統,其基本特征是采用壟作和溝灌,永久保持壟床和壟溝,播種時作業機械在壟溝中行走、在壟上免耕播種,生長期用壟溝進行灌水,在下茬作物播種前,只對壟床進行少量修整[4-5 J。國內外研究表明,這一技術能節約灌溉用水,改善土壤結構,降低生產成本和提高作物產量,并解決水資源缺乏、農業經濟效益差和土壤退化等問題[6-8]。隨著固定壟保護性耕作技術的發展,這一耕作技術對西北干旱地區的節水和防風沙、增加土壤肥力等有良好的應用前景 9。而目前固定壟起壟機具缺乏是限制這一技術發展的主要因素,本文針對這一問 ...