用微機數(shù)控系統(tǒng)改造C6132型車床設(shè)計
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00333-用微機數(shù)控系統(tǒng)改造C6132型車床設(shè)計.rar
摘 要
數(shù)控機床在機械加工行業(yè)中的應(yīng)用越來越廣泛。數(shù)控機床的發(fā)展，一方面是全功能、高性能；另一方面是簡單實用的經(jīng)濟型數(shù)控機床，具有自動加工的基本功能，操作維修方便。經(jīng)濟型數(shù)控系統(tǒng)通常用的是開環(huán)步進控制系統(tǒng)，功率步進電機為驅(qū)動元件，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，系統(tǒng)的定位精度較高。普通車床刀架的縱向和橫向進給運動是由主軸回轉(zhuǎn)運動經(jīng)掛輪傳遞而來，通過進給箱變速后，由光桿或絲桿帶動縱溜板、橫溜板的移動。進給參數(shù)要靠手工預(yù)先調(diào)整好，改變參數(shù)時要停車進行操作，刀架的縱向進給運動和橫向進給運動不能聯(lián)動，切削次序也由人工控制。
對普通車床進行數(shù)控化改造，主要是將縱向和橫向進給系統(tǒng)改造成為微機控制的，能獨立運動的進給系統(tǒng)，刀架改造為能自動換刀的回轉(zhuǎn)刀架。這樣，利用數(shù)控裝置，車床就可以按預(yù)先輸入的加工指令進行切削加工。由于切削過程中切削參數(shù)，切削次序和刀具都會按程序自動運行，調(diào)節(jié)和更換，再加上縱向和橫向聯(lián)動的功能，數(shù)控改裝后的車床就可以加工出各種形狀復(fù)查的回轉(zhuǎn)零件，并能實現(xiàn)多工序自動加工車削，從而提高了生產(chǎn)效率和加工精度，也能適合小批量多品種復(fù)查零件的加工。
C6132車床改造屬于經(jīng)濟型數(shù)控車床的改造，主要針對進給系統(tǒng)進行數(shù)控化改造，利用數(shù)控系統(tǒng)對縱、橫向進給系統(tǒng)進行開環(huán)控制，驅(qū)動元件采用步進電動機，車床通過步進電動機帶動滾珠絲杠轉(zhuǎn)動。
關(guān)鍵詞：微機控制；伺服系統(tǒng)；回轉(zhuǎn)刀架；自動車削
ABSTRACT
The numerical control engine bed is more and more widespread in machine-finishing profession application. Numerical control engine bed development, on the one hand is the entire function, the high performance; On the other hand is the simple practical economy numerical control engine bed, has the automatic processing the basic function, the operation service is convenient. The economy numerical control system passes commonly used is the split-ring step-by-steps the control system, the power step-by-steps the electrical machinery for to actuate the part, does not have the examination feedback organization, the system pointing accuracy is high. Knife rest vertical to enter, give sport and horizontal to stock for sport to can be linked, cut order by artificial control even.Carry on the numerical control transformation to the ordinary lathe. Mainly vertical and horizontal enter give system transform into by what computer control.The knife rest is transformed into the gyration knife rest that can be changed one hundred sheets automatically. Introduces the engine bed the microcomputer numerical control system the transformation to be possible to enhance the engine bed the operational performance,Reduces the production cost,Obtains the high economic efficiency with the few funds investmentTake the C6132 lathe numerical control transformation as the example,In line with are as far as possible few to the lathe modification,Control section anti-jamming,Transformation cost low principle,Carries on the numerical control transformation to the lathe.
Lathe for the NC transformation is mainly vertical and horizontal feed system into a computer-controlled, The independence movement can feed system can transform Tool Automatic Tool Change of Rotary Tool. Thus, the use of NC devices, lathe can be imported at a pre-processing machining instructions. As the cutting process of cutting parameters, priorities and cutting tool will automatically by operation, regulation and replacement, coupled with the vertical and horizontal linkage functions, CNC lathe after the conversion can be processed into various shapes review the rotating parts, and multiple processes can be automatically processed turning, thus enhancing the efficiency of production and processing accuracy, also suitable for small batch multiple types of review parts of the processing.
C6132 lathe belongs to economic numerical control lathes transformation of transformation, mainly in the numerical control system by using nc system transformation, of transverse and longitudinal feeding system, open loop control by stepping motor driver components, lathe, through the stepper motor driving ball screw rotation.
Key words：the computer controls; servo system; turn the knife rest round; automatic turning
目 錄
1 前 言 1
2 設(shè)計方案 3
2.1 總體方案的確定 3
2.1.1 系統(tǒng)的運動方式與伺服系統(tǒng)的選擇 3
2.1.2 計算機系統(tǒng) 3
2.1.3 機械傳動方式 3
2.2 系統(tǒng)運動方式的確定 3
2.3 伺服系統(tǒng)的選擇 3
2.4 執(zhí)行機構(gòu)傳動方式的確定 4
2.5 計算機的選擇 4
2.6 總體方案框圖繪制 4
3 橫向進給伺服系統(tǒng)機械部分計算與校核 5
3.1 計算切削力 5
3.2 滾珠絲桿螺母副的設(shè)計、計算、選型 5
3.2.1 計算進給牽引力 5
3.2.2 計算最大動負載C 6
3.2.3 滾珠絲桿螺母副的選型 6
3.2.4 傳動效率計算 7
3.2.5 剛度驗算 7
3.2.6 穩(wěn)定性校核 8
3.2.7 橫向滾珠絲桿副的幾何參數(shù) 9
3.3 齒輪傳動比計算 10
3.4 橫向步進電機計算和選型 11
3.4.1 初選步進電機 11
3.4.2 校核步進電機轉(zhuǎn)矩 12
3.5 橫向進給伺服系統(tǒng)機械部分結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計 17
3.5.1 橫向進給伺服系統(tǒng)總圖設(shè)計 17
3.5.2 進給伺服系統(tǒng)的裝配圖 18
4 縱向進給伺服系統(tǒng)機械部分計算與校核 20
4.1 計算切削 20
4.2 滾珠絲桿螺母副的計算和造型 20
4.2.1 計算進給牽引力 20
4.2.2計算最大動負載C 21
4.2.3 滾珠絲桿螺母副的選型 21
4.2.4 傳功效率計算： 21
4.2.5 剛度驗算 22
4.2.6 穩(wěn)定性校核 23
4.2.7縱向滾珠絲桿副幾何參數(shù) 23
4.3 齒輪傳動比計算 24
4.3.1 進給齒輪箱傳比計算 24
4.4 步進進電機的計算和選型 25
4.4.1 初選步進電機 25
4.4.2 校核步進電機轉(zhuǎn)矩 27
4.5 縱向進給伺服系統(tǒng)機械部分結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計 31
4.5.1 縱向進給伺服系統(tǒng)總圖設(shè)計 32
4.5.2進給伺服系統(tǒng)的裝配圖 32
5 微機數(shù)控系統(tǒng)硬件電路的設(shè)計 34
5.1硬件電路一般要求 34
5.2控制系統(tǒng)的組成及功能 34
5.2.1 CPU、存儲器、I/O接口電路擴展 34
5.2.2控制系統(tǒng)的功能 36
5.3步進電機控制電路 36
5.3.1步進電機開環(huán)驅(qū)動原理 36
5.3.2脈沖分配 37
5.3.3驅(qū)動電路 37
5.3.4其他輔助電路 38
6 微機控制系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計 39
6.1 監(jiān)控程序 39
6.2 直線圓弧插補程序設(shè)計 39
6.3升降速處理軟件 41
6. 4步進電機的軟件控制及轉(zhuǎn)程序設(shè)計 43
7 機床的加工程序編制 46
致 謝 49
參考文獻 50
附 錄 51 ...
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